This case study focused on wisdom on the use of medicinal herbs to cure ailments of the Lua, with the involvement of 93 households at Toey Klang village in Tambon Doi Phu Kha, Pua district, Nan province. The study took six months from August 1998 to January 1999. An examination on fundamental anthropological data of the ethnic group revealed that the ethnic society is hierarchical, designating power and duties of community members to conduct and again access to resources. Jao Kok group and shamans are the privileged groups (pp. 7-8). The ethnic society is matrilineal and monogamous (p. 8). Animistic beliefs are expressed through the Salot ritual. The role of shamans in healing ailments is believed to be from supernatural power (p. 6). When modern medicine spread into the village, the villagers apparently turned to modern medical practices at the medical center in the village. However, traditional medical practices have also been maintained (p. 41). Additionally, this work also examined and revised other studies on the use of medicinal herbs among other hilltribes in northern Thailand. Most of these studies were about folk botany used for various purposes. The studies proved to be informative about medicinal herbs regarding their characteristics, botanical aspects, cultivation, chemical and pharmaceutical propeties, storage, processing, and preparation (pp. 9-13). The five most frequently used processing methods of medicinal herbs were boiling, fermenting in whiskey, powder, tablets, and mixing in hot water (pp. 29-30). Studies on the use of medicinal herbs among hilltribes revealed that the Khamu used 165 types out of the total of 232, followed by the Lua with 126 types (p. 33). It was found in this study that the ethnic villagers used 32 types of medicinal herbs on a daily basis and each part of the herbs (root, stem, leaf) has different medicinal properties. For instance, the roots of Quisqualis indiica Linn were found to have the property to kill worms. The core of Milletia extensa Benth. in whiskey could be used as an energy drink. Chewing young leaves of Lithocarpus sp. can cure toothache. Some of the most frequently used herbs in the village are roots of starfruit to cure kidney stones, leaves of Sap Sua to stop bleeding, stalk of Dee Ngu to cure diarrhea, or roots of Phlai to cure a bloated stomach. The study also recommended more promotion on the use of medicinal herbs.