The contents of this work were about historical background of the Chao Bon ethnic group at Nam Lat Village, Tambon Na Yang Klak, Thepsathit District, with a focus on the ethnic lifestyle, religion and beliefs, traditions, economy, politics, education, and public health. The investigation also covered family and kinship systems to obtain a socio-cultural overview of the ethnic group from the past to the present as well as their social relationships with the Thais and local Lao people. Moreover, the study further focused on the ethnic attitude toward local Thai and Lao people residing in their community.