This research focused on the problem of illegal immigrants along the Thai-Burmese border who refused to be relocated to the state-sponsored accommodation areas. The result was that it was difficult for concerned state agencies and non-governmental organizations to plan for their assistance, thus bringing about public health, national security, criminal and drug problems. This study aimed to examine problems and needs of these immigrants in order to draw up short and long-term plans at the national level. A survey was conducted at two villages located near the refugee-accommodation areas: Mae La village in Tambon Mae La, Tha Song Yang district and Um Piam village in Tambon Khirirat, Phop Phra district, Tak province. The study results revealed that important problems of the refugees included poverty, fear of arrest and repatriation, and insecure shelters. The refugees wanted to attend schools, live legally, have Thai citizenship and be repatriated voluntarily. They were against some state policies, such as, forced repatriation and relocation to a third contry and/or another state-accommodation area. The impacts on local residents included poverty, lack of consumption materials, low agricultural yields, irregular electricity supplies, shortages of running water, disease outbreaks, water pollution, and accumulaltion of garbage. The residents perceived that refugees were an important cause for many negative changes. They wanted local state agencies to solve these problems and the government to repatriate them, or the personnel in charge of refugees to prevent them from stealing their crops. Recommendations from the research concerning the refugees were that refugees should be registered in each village, their status as illegal immigrants must be clearly defined and public health services must be sufficiently provided for them. The recommendations concerning local residents were that concerned state agencies should pay more attention to the security of local residents and launch public campaigns to prevent negative attitude toward refugees. Additionally, the United Nations and local non-governmental organizations should pay attention to Thai people as hosts who had had to bear some of the negative impacts.