The situation and the security problems in the southern border provinces have been in continuous existence and will very likely continue to exist into the future. Precisely, the problems are becoming more complex and can be felt from such serious phenomena as unrest, intimidation, terrorism, kidnapping, extortion, ambushes, sabotage, and other phenomena that tend to become violent, such as street demonstrations, or non-violent phenomena, such as seeking advantage through legal and illegal means. These phenomena engender problems of security for property and life, distrust and alienation, and interference from foreign countries. The causes of the problems include state policies of assimilation which are not congruous with the social and cultural aspects of the Muslim Thais and also from corrupt officials. It is suggested that more opportunities should be provided for the local people to participate in the decision-making process that concerns them directly and indirectly.