Women’s roles as housewives in the Khmer community were designated by physiological and socio-cultural factors that had been profoundly integrated by tradition. Their healthcare roles included promoting better health and preventing ailments in times of sound health. They also played a role in nursing and rehabilitation in times of sickness by applying their accumulated knowledge and experience based on their beliefs that had long been transmitted from the health system in their community. It was an integrated management process between the sick and others in their community under the common medical system that integrated knowledge and experience of traditonal and Western medical systems. The expressions of healthcare behavior circulated within the community and were selected to apply when sickness occurred. These expressions would evolve according to the trends of social change. When they or their family or community members fell sick, the housewives expressed toward the health problems based on their traditional healthcare process in order to become healthy again. They, together with their family members, relatives or those around them, evaluated the symptoms, selected a treatment source, specified treatment methods and assessed treatment results, costs and benefits of each treatment method. Some expressed their healthcare roles by being spiritual mediums seeking causes and treatment according to their animistic beliefs. Others became herbalists and traditional masseurs based on their thoughts and beliefs. It was also found that these housewives played a similar healthcare role because this role had existed in their lifestyle and community culture expressed through healthcare behavior with their diagnostic beliefs and practices as an important factor for solving health problems. It was also revealed that the selection to use folk and Western medical systems of these women was not different, depending on their beliefs in causes of sickness. They had expressed their need to change their concepts, beliefs and attitudes by having men partake, help and be responsible for household activities in order to lessen some of their family burdens. They wanted to have more opportunities in public roles, to cultivate men to pay more attention to their health and to change the socio-cultural structure involving the relationship between men and women regarding healthcare. For this change to occur, everyone in the community had to be involved in a gradual process. The housewives also wanted public health agencies to acknowledge the importance of their healthcare role. Thus, they wanted to be selected to attend healthcare training of all forms in order to enhance their healthcare knowledge, so that they were able to implement and transfer their knowledge and skills to their family and community members.