This thesis examined the roles of political, religious and educational leaders and cultural assimilation in an attempt to maintain cultural identity of the Karen communities in the study area. This was due to the fact that village leaders had power and important roles in administration, beliefs, and traditions. They also provided education to and were accepted and respected by their villagers. Most of the villagers were Buddhists, and Buddhist teachings were integrated into their ethnic culture in order to maintain their ethnic identity and culture. These villagers resided in Nong Ta Tang Village, Tambon Tanaosri, Suan Phueng District, Ratchaburi Province.