The thesis investigates the non-assimilation of the Hmong in the contexts of Thailand, China and other countries. The oral account of Hmong history is an account of the movement of village situations and an expression of current attitudes. It is hoped that this work will lead to new concepts for the place of history in anthropology, that is, historical consciousness used to regularly and flexibly judge or evaluate the current state of affairs. In the community structure of the White Hmong, socio-political and religious changes define the community because these changes restrict a conceptual framework of villagers. The changes can be viewed from the parallel concept between ‘public (Hmong)’ and ‘state (Chinese)’ as well as from an analysis of village legends. The legend that claims that Hmong alphabets were lost because of the Chinese is related to tales about Hmong kings, which harbor their messianic uprisings. The author also surveys about the concept of geomancy in the form of tales of conflicts with China by using case studies and the kinship system as well as mechanisms to form members of other ethnic groups. The author employs the concept of “real history” to conclude that the Hmong separate themselves from other powerful groups by using the words and symbols of those groups. Furthermore, problems of acculturation among Hmong refugees are also investigated, indicating social changes interpreted by telling tales.