This research describes the social and economic conditions of the Hmong in Pa Kluay village, Tambon Mae Soy, Chom Thong District, Chiangmai. It is found that this village has changed in various areas such as in living conditions, careers, earnings and education which have developed. The Population is likely higher and there is assimilation has taken place among ethnic groups such as Thai, Chinese, Lisor and etc. While the community is developing, there are social and economic changes. The residents in the community have adapted more of the culture of urban residents in their way of life. Moreover, the residents’ opium cultivation and addiction are likely higher (from 1980 to 1984) and it is found that during 1983 and 1984, there were 64 families cultivating opium. It means that Hmong families gained more earnings from opium cultivation than from other plant cultivation or other work. For this reason, the Hmong in Pa Kluay village are interested in technology such as chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides in order to increase productivity of opium.