In each stage of shifting cultivation, there is conservative wisdom supported by local technology. It brings the balance between human beings and nature. NGOs have introduced development ideas which reinforce transmit and stimulate vitality on which it is hoped will produce bi-cultural people. After introducing some stimulating actions in villages efforts on the local curriculum are being launched. There are some differences between the cases under investigation. Khun Win depends mostly on traditional methods. It has a higher degree of self-reliance, involves close kin relationship, believes in nature, and practices more shifting cultivation. In the other two, there is a combination between the new and old methods. It does not involve close kin relationship, but the elders still believe in the value of nature. Few practice shifting cultivation in Huay Hoi while almost none do so in Thung Luang. The differences are attributed to communication access, receptibility to agricultural innovation, and religious beliefs. Factors explaining the continuation of transmission are the belief systems shared by the ethnic groups, effective means of transmission, close relationships at family, kinship and community level, the strength of the community organization and ideological reinforcement on the part of the academics and the alternative development workers. The state should realize the potential of the hill area villagers who could manage their own natural resources and should launch R&D projects to retest the results and should also sponsor bi-lingual education programmes to produce people of two cultures, and; the mass media should keep themselves informed on the issue and present the correct image of shifting cultivation to the public.