This article is about the central government’s policies in both Thailand and Malaysia toward the minorities who are tribal and it compares both countries’ policies focusing on the hilltribes in northern Thailand and the minority “Orang Asli” in western Malaysia. In Thailand and Malaysia, the governments are primarily interested in the minority tribes not for humanitarian reasons, but it is to respond to political pressure. Both countries also try to push the tribes to re-settle in the areas that the governments have allocated. In Thailand, this policy is not successful so its government has implemented a policy that helps the hilltribe communities to stabilize. There are many development projects for the communities such as educational, health, agricultural and political development. This is not a policy of reconciliation, but of integration. The tribal minorities can maintain their traditions and religion as long as they remain loyal to the King of Thailand and follow the country’s laws. In Malaysia, this policy first failed, but finally, with careful planning, some areas are quite successful in maraging the Orang Asli. For the Orang Asli who live in the forests, the government has assigned officials to take special care of them in medicine, education, rural development and etc. For this reason, the government has gained the loyalty of the Orang Asli. Furthermore, the Malaysian government has firstly established a Department of Orang Asli Affairs in order to manage the Orang Asli (which is not similar to Thailand) and they accept that the Orang Asli traditions have to be respected, if the tribe respects other tribes traditions in the country.