This article is about the Karen’s agricultural production such as their ways of agriculture and soil conservation – leaving the land fallow for a period of time in order to rehabilitate it, rights over the land and land management of the people in the community, swiddening techniques and annual cycle of cultivation. It focuses on Pwo Karen and Sgaw Karen. It is concluded that the Karen have practiced many ways for along time to make the swiddening cultivation more sustainable, but the increase of the population against the decrease in land threaten the Karen’s traditional economic system and force the Karen to abolish their practices of conserving the land. Furthermore, the cycle of leaving the land fallow has been shortened in order to have more cultivated areas, but in the long term, the productivity of the land has decreased; thus, new methods are found to solve this increasing problem.