The dissertation analyzes the Sgaw Karen's adaptation of traditional patterns of natural resource management in response to the legal framework concerning property ownership and the right of communities to utilize natural resources. In Sirichai's argument, the tradition-bound nature of Sgaw Karen society means that collective beliefs play a fundamental role in establishing standards of social control amidst changes, and in ensuring continuity of practices across the generations. In response to the state's attempt to impose controls and intervene in the functioning of community life, the Sgaw Karen adapt by transforming certain aspects of community and cultural organization, in order to come up with practices that are congruent with state policies regarding environmental conservation and sustainable resource management. In terms of the legal framework, Sirichai points out that current legislations emphasize the protection of state and private properties. Primarily serving the interest of the capitalist system, these legislations have the effect of restricting the right of communities to manage natural resources according to tradition. Consequently, the law itself creates conflicts and confrontations.