The thesis is based on two concepts, namely the local medical system and cultural adaptation, in order to understand the ethnic knowledge system and cultural dimension of biological resource management. It is found that a folk medical healer must meet the following three criteria. Firstly, he must have the five components of medical knowledge (diseases and healing practices, plant anatomy, herbal medicine, plant ecology, and practice rules and values). Secondly, his knowledge must be based on actual practice. Finally, he must be accepted by the community. When changes affect the community, the healer must apply and reinterpret traditional knowledge to suit the changing social conditions. The adaptation of healers has three levels: management, culture and thinking. The adaptation indicates the complexity of local knowledge and local rights that should be examined in holistic terms. A cultural dimension of resource management will broaden our understanding of the local biological resource management.