A UN Survey Delegate was requested to investigate and report on the socio-economy of the hilltribe population in northern Thailand by specifically considering other crop substitution in place of opium cultivation and production. The survey was conducted in the metropolis and areas where hill people resided. The Thai government through concerned agencies provided the necessary technical support. The report concisely incorporated issues on the socio-economy of the hilltribes, natural environment where they reside, and existing resources in the areas. It also discussed the role of opium on the hilltribe economy and analyzed previous surveys, particularly the 1965-1966 survey conducted by the government The survey recommended that the government carry out more rigorous opium eradication, gradually eliminate opium cultivation and have closer cooperation with neighboring countries. It is also recommended that an office or division be established to carry out important development tasks with consultants or coordinators from the United Nations.