Muslims are a minority group with their own religion, language, traditions, and customs. They were in first contact with Thais during the Sukhothai Period and played a significant role in the Ayuthaya, Thonburi and Ratanakosin Periods. Socially, Muslim Thais followed strict Islamic principles. Economically, they were well known as traders and sailors. Historical evidence indicates that the Jularatchamontree, a position that was in charge of foreign trade, was a state employee of Muslim origin who played an important part in the Thai economy. Politically, their role was even more interesting. It was found that a Muslim was once in the position of prime minister during the Ayuthaya Period. Moreover, many Muslims were appointed governors of strategic regional cities. Consequently, their roles in Thai politics and the economy were as equally important as those of other minority ethnic groups.