The objective of this research was to analyze “Laoness” and its socio-cultural contexts from discourses in contemporary literary works and films. The study was based on documentary research, and contemporary literary works and films published and publicized from 2001 to 2010. The findings were presented descriptively. The study results revealed that the “Laoness” representation was derived from actual historical conflicts and good socio-political relationships between Thailand and Laos. The construction was divided into three issues. First, the novels, “Sap Phu Sa” and “Roi Mai”, reflect past Lao identity and stories through the symbols of Lao clothing, Lao women and spirits. The clothing expressed their wisdom, culture and glorious history. Lao women in the noble class represented hierarchical social order, and the spirits represented the maintenance of their conventional beliefs and lifestyle in the modern time, where external influences play an important role in Lao. Second, the literary works,“Luk Mae Nam Khong” and “Phuen Rak Rim Khong”, represent ‘friendship’ that was symbolized through three children of different racial backgrounds, who were affected by Communism, leading to racial conflicts and segregation to include Thai, Lao, and Vietnamese. The children were analogous to the representation of racial bias destruction. The children questioned about the true meaning of local traditions, sports competition, and singing. The answers they received were that peoples in the Mekong Region were unable to sever their relationships, and this was in line with the ASEAN bloc that aims to bypass conflicts in order to achieve peaceful co-existence. Finally, the contemporary films and literary works, “Mai Mee Kham Top Chak Pakse”, “Sabai Dee Luang Phrabang”, and “Khian Phaen Din Suwanaphum Lao”, represent peace, beauty, fertile natural resources, maintenance of traditions and customs, and a simple lifestyle in relation to nature. These were the charms that attracted tourists to visit Laos. These representations clearly indicated cultural roots and identity of Laotians. They are also symbols in response to countries whose identities have been lost due to global changes and modern development.