This work investigated folk healthcare of the Lao Thai residents at Rung Arun village in Muang district, Mahasarakham province, and the Khmer Thai residents at Khuan Din village in Tambon Mee Pracha, Muang district, Surin province. The investigation covered three important issues: knowledge constituted into the folk healthcare culture; dynamism of health-related meanings and sicknesses amidst socio-economic changes; and the advent of modern medicine and the maintenance of traditonal healthcare under diverse healthcare practices. It was found that the healthcare of the two groups was a combinatioin between Buddhist, Brahministic and animistic belief systems as well as consumption of daily food and observation of taboos.