This work examined the background, ethnic identity creation and changes of the Vietnamese-Thais at Na Jok Village, Tambon Nong Yat, Muang District, Nakhon Phanom Province. The investigation revealed that the villagers originally migrated from Ha Tinh Province in central Vietnam due to suppression of the French and poverty. The village was founded in 1898 by the first generation immigrants. There is the Dai Vuang Ho Chi Minh Shrine and a village song that both symbolize a spiritual center of the villagers. In addition to Vietnamese-Thais, there are Phu Thai ethnic residents living in the village. The Vietnamese-Thais have changed their ethnic identity in accordance with political situations. For instance, during the communist suppression period, the villagers did not express their true identity. When the Thai and Vietnamese governments jointly established the Friendship Village at Na Jok Village, the villagers had already promoted various aspects of their ethnic identity in accordance with changing economic and political circumstances.