The bat’s eye view method enables us to perceive the facts about the violent relationship between Pattani and Siam, or the Thai State, differently. The state wanted integration but the mainstream rejected it due to the different identities. Forced integration was implemented despite the cultural diversity, resulting in widespread violence. The 1999 national security policy about the three southernmost border provinces resulted in a new cultural perspective in the region. There was an attempt to accept cultural diversity and maintain the Muslim identity within Thai society. However, violence continues, reflecting the work of the mainstream society. Understanding violence is like an attempt to understand the complexity of the society through various kinds of fact management as well as through the distorted vision of “an illusory history” (p.230).