The continuous increase in the long-necked Karen population and their communities in Mae Hong Son Province was due to two major factors. One was the economic and political factors in Myanmar and the other was the tourism policy in the province of promoting the ethnic group as the tourism symbol of the province.
      
However, the management processes by the state sector for the ethnic group as war refugees have been inefficient in terms of utilizing management tools and mechanisms in accordance with the real situations, particularly the results of the project called “Villages for the Conservation of Padong Lifestyle for Security of Mae Hong Son Province”. The paper recommended that the state sector provide all sectors with an opportunity to participate in solving the ethnic problems seriously. Furthermore, policies must be clear with specific individuals in charge along with the fair and strict implementation of existing laws and relevant regulations (pp. 70-74)