The article explored cultural diversity in Thailand and Thai identity. The focus on cultural identity started from the period before the arrival of Westerners in Siam to the reigns of Kings Rama I to Rama VII. Classification of the ethnic groups in Thailand is based on their languages, and an overview of the cultural identity of each ethnic group is also carried out.

The article also investigated cultural diversity after the change of government from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy, with a focus on western influences and nationalism. Furthermore, the article examined the origin and cultivation of nationalism as well as the spread of nationalism due to state policies.

The article also mentioned political problems encountered by various ethnic groups in the northern and northeastern regions of the country, whether they were hill-tribe people, Muslim Thais or Chinese Thais. The article further explored new policies on refugees and immigrants in Thailand, and ended with the move to the revitalization of cultural diversity in the age of globalization, which has changed Thailand’s perspectives on indigenous ethnic cultures.