The conflicts in the four southern border provinces is a persisting problem, and it is a unique problem caused by differences of religion, culture and way of life. The government has set up special administrations for these four provinces. Implementation of the government’s policies such as appointing Thai Buddhist government officials from other regions to govern the local people, or depriving Thai Muslims in the four southern border provinces of being government officials, cause more conflicts between the government officials and the people. It means that the governments wrongly implement the policies. Some government officials loathe Thai Muslims and treat them badly, i.e. putting the blame on them, and Thai Buddhist scorn Thai Muslims. All of these causes the local people to consider that the government is nor sincere and is trying to assimilate Thai Muslim culture, Therefore Muslims are dissatisfied with the government and it leads to protest. Before the protest, Muslims were only dissatisfied with the government, but after that the government’s performance makes the people feel badly and it affects the relationship between Thai Buddhists and Thai Muslims and there is not unity among them as in the past.