The South of Northeastern Thailand is a region where men used to live from the pre-historical period and there was migration by river. The She River and Moon River which flow into the Khong river at Amphoe Khong Chiam, Ubon Rratchathani provice, were used as highways. There were very crowded communities. 2,500 years ago, these communities became a kingdom and had a relationship with other communities, i.e. adopted Indian civilization around the 6th century B.E., interactions between other ethnic groups. These caused this region to have cultural diversity. The multi cultures include Kui, Khmer and Lao. The Kui is an ethnic group which has its own social and cultural adaptation process. The Kui used to speak their own language, but then they adopted the Laotian and Khmer languages. They live with rice cultivation and (cocoons) farming. As yet, the state’s development has gradually changes their production system to commercial production. Also, their adaptation process has been helped by integration between the ethnic groups such as the marriage between the Kui and Khmers or Laotian. Even though, they have adapted and changed, their original traditions and cultures still exist. The Kui still believe in Phi Pa Kam, and there are rites related to their beliefs. There is also a hierarchical social organization. The elders are responsible for social control. These have distinguished the Kui as regards their adaptation in the south of the northeastern region because the Kui has strong cultural and social capital from which to adapt.