The political movements of Mon communities in Thailand had psychological effects in general because most Mon Thais, particularly those in the provinces, were independent of Thai culture and values as well as of trends in capitalism. Ethnic nationalism had been cultivated in these communities at a certain level. Printed media were not forceful enough to convince the Mon Thais to resort to violent means. However, the media played a part in revitalizing nationalist ideology and motivating the ethnic Mons to promote and protect the benefits of the New Mon Party. Most Mons did not harbor grudges against the Thai for being a part in making their fellow citizens suffer, but were politically loyal to the host society, thus avoiding resorting to violence to vent their frustration from unrealistic expectations. Although the Mons in Burma were disappointed with Thailand for not fully helping them in the 1990s, they hardly harbored violent ideas to retaliate against Thai people and the Thai government.