The author mentioned three factors relating to the permanent settlement of the Yao at Pha Dua Village. The first factor was political, consisting of compromise and accommodation between the state and the community. The Yao were given an opportunity and some assistance to have a normal livelihood within the Thai administrative system. The second factor was economic. Opium cultivation was replaced by soya beans and other crops while maintaining the conventional semi-subsistent economic structure. The third factor was social. The ethnic group had different culture, traditions and beliefs. However, the group was able to lead a normal lifestyle without any problems. State developments had improved their living conditions. As a consequence, the community became a peaceful and stable village.