The thesis investigated the relationships of the settlement and adaptation components of Mon culture in the contexts of Thai society. The main components included traditions, technology and beliefs which were interrelated and defined Mon lifestyles. However, the components were affected by state policies, ecological factors and the diffusion of Thai culture. In the case of the Mon Community at Koh Kred, the cultural diffusion had weakened Mon traditions while modern technology had changed the subsistent production system which depended on human and animal labor and natural resources in the market-oriented production process. Nevertheless, the belief in the respect of seniority and ancestors was strongly maintained, since seniority-based family relationships and social order were still being practiced, enabling the community to preserve its cultural identity amidst rapid social changes.