This work investigated indigenous chicken cultivation of the So and Phu Tai ethnic groups in Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom, and Mukdahan Provinces. It was found from the investigation that the cultivation was a free-ranging style and the feed was whatever they had to hand, such as unhusked rice. The chickens were not provided with proper shelters but were raised under houses or in rice fields. The ethnic groups raised the animals for domestic consumption and use in rituals. For disease prevention and treatments in chickens, medicinal herbs were used, but vaccination was almost non-existent. Moreover, it was found that a large number of the animals were dead when there was an outbreak of disease during February and May every year.