This work investigated Thai Song culture and music through the performance of Sai Paeng music in terms of its meanings and roles. The main data were collected from the Thai Song Community at Sa Kae Rai village in Tambon Don Yai Hom, Muang district, Nakhon Pathom province. The data were then compared with those in four Thai Song communities in the province. It was revealed that the melody of the music is unique to the ethnic group and the contents are beautiful and simple, describing the ethnic lifestyle, greetings or stories. The performance sometimes involves exchanges of improvised verses between male and female performers. The performance is conducted during festivals for young people to flirt with one another. The reflection of the performance reveals traditions, beliefs, history, society and perspectives of the ethnic group. Additionally, the performance is now publicized via the internet for the ethnic group in other communities and for the interested public.